leetcode:链表
链表是空节点，或者有一个值和一个指向下一个链表的指针，因此很多链表问题可以用递归来处理。
1. 找出两个链表的交点
160. Intersection of Two Linked Lists (Easy)
例如以下示例中 A 和 B 两个链表相交于 c1：
A: a1 → a2 ↘ c1 → c2 → c3 ↗ B: b1 → b2 → b3
但是不会出现以下相交的情况，因为每个节点只有一个 next 指针，也就只能有一个后继节点，而以下示例中节点 c 有两个后继节点。
A: a1 → a2 d1 → d2 ↘ ↗ c ↗ ↘ B: b1 → b2 → b3 e1 → e2
要求时间复杂度为 O(N)，空间复杂度为 O(1)。如果不存在交点则返回 null。
设 A 的长度为 a + c，B 的长度为 b + c，其中 c 为尾部公共部分长度，可知 a + c + b = b + c + a。
当访问 A 链表的指针访问到链表尾部时，令它从链表 B 的头部开始访问链表 B；同样地，当访问 B 链表的指针访问到链表尾部时，令它从链表 A 的头部开始访问链表 A。这样就能控制访问 A 和 B 两个链表的指针能同时访问到交点。
如果不存在交点，那么 a + b = b + a，以下实现代码中 l1 和 l2 会同时为 null，从而退出循环。
public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
ListNode l1 = headA, l2 = headB;
while (l1 != l2) {
l1 = (l1 == null) ? headB : l1.next;
l2 = (l2 == null) ? headA : l2.next;
}
return l1;
}如果只是判断是否存在交点，那么就是另一个问题，即 编程之美 3.6 的问题。有两种解法：
- 把第一个链表的结尾连接到第二个链表的开头，看第二个链表是否存在环；
- 或者直接比较两个链表的最后一个节点是否相同。
2. 链表反转
206. Reverse Linked List (Easy)
递归
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
return head;
}
ListNode next = head.next;
ListNode newHead = reverseList(next);
next.next = head;
head.next = null;
return newHead;
}头插法
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1);
while (head != null) {
ListNode next = head.next;
head.next = newHead.next;
newHead.next = head;
head = next;
}
return newHead.next;
}3. 归并两个有序的链表
21. Merge Two Sorted Lists (Easy)
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
if (l1 == null) return l2;
if (l2 == null) return l1;
if (l1.val < l2.val) {
l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2);
return l1;
} else {
l2.next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next);
return l2;
}
}4. 从有序链表中删除重复节点
83. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List (Easy)
Given 1->1->2, return 1->2. Given 1->1->2->3->3, return 1->2->3.
public ListNode deleteDuplicates(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
head.next = deleteDuplicates(head.next);
return head.val == head.next.val ? head.next : head;
}5. 删除链表的倒数第 n 个节点
19. Remove Nth Node From End of List (Medium)
Given linked list: 1->2->3->4->5, and n = 2. After removing the second node from the end, the linked list becomes 1->2->3->5.
public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
ListNode fast = head;
while (n-- > 0) {
fast = fast.next;
}
if (fast == null) return head.next;
ListNode slow = head;
while (fast.next != null) {
fast = fast.next;
slow = slow.next;
}
slow.next = slow.next.next;
return head;
}6. 交换链表中的相邻结点
24. Swap Nodes in Pairs (Medium)
Given 1->2->3->4, you should return the list as 2->1->4->3.
题目要求：不能修改结点的 val 值，O(1) 空间复杂度。
public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
ListNode node = new ListNode(-1);
node.next = head;
ListNode pre = node;
while (pre.next != null && pre.next.next != null) {
ListNode l1 = pre.next, l2 = pre.next.next;
ListNode next = l2.next;
l1.next = next;
l2.next = l1;
pre.next = l2;
pre = l1;
}
return node.next;
}7. 链表求和
445. Add Two Numbers II (Medium)
Input: (7 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4) Output: 7 -> 8 -> 0 -> 7
题目要求：不能修改原始链表。
public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
Stack<Integer> l1Stack = buildStack(l1);
Stack<Integer> l2Stack = buildStack(l2);
ListNode head = new ListNode(-1);
int carry = 0;
while (!l1Stack.isEmpty() || !l2Stack.isEmpty() || carry != 0) {
int x = l1Stack.isEmpty() ? 0 : l1Stack.pop();
int y = l2Stack.isEmpty() ? 0 : l2Stack.pop();
int sum = x + y + carry;
ListNode node = new ListNode(sum % 10);
node.next = head.next;
head.next = node;
carry = sum / 10;
}
return head.next;
}
private Stack<Integer> buildStack(ListNode l) {
Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
while (l != null) {
stack.push(l.val);
l = l.next;
}
return stack;
}8. 回文链表
234. Palindrome Linked List (Easy)
题目要求：以 O(1) 的空间复杂度来求解。
切成两半，把后半段反转，然后比较两半是否相等。
public boolean isPalindrome(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) return true;
ListNode slow = head, fast = head.next;
while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
}
if (fast != null) slow = slow.next; // 偶数节点，让 slow 指向下一个节点
cut(head, slow); // 切成两个链表
return isEqual(head, reverse(slow));
}
private void cut(ListNode head, ListNode cutNode) {
while (head.next != cutNode) {
head = head.next;
}
head.next = null;
}
private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) {
ListNode newHead = null;
while (head != null) {
ListNode nextNode = head.next;
head.next = newHead;
newHead = head;
head = nextNode;
}
return newHead;
}
private boolean isEqual(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
while (l1 != null && l2 != null) {
if (l1.val != l2.val) return false;
l1 = l1.next;
l2 = l2.next;
}
return true;
}9. 分隔链表
725. Split Linked List in Parts(Medium)
Input: root = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], k = 3 Output: [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]] Explanation: The input has been split into consecutive parts with size difference at most 1, and earlier parts are a larger size than the later parts.
题目描述：把链表分隔成 k 部分，每部分的长度都应该尽可能相同，排在前面的长度应该大于等于后面的。
public ListNode[] splitListToParts(ListNode root, int k) {
int N = 0;
ListNode cur = root;
while (cur != null) {
N++;
cur = cur.next;
}
int mod = N % k;
int size = N / k;
ListNode[] ret = new ListNode[k];
cur = root;
for (int i = 0; cur != null && i < k; i++) {
ret[i] = cur;
int curSize = size + (mod-- > 0 ? 1 : 0);
for (int j = 0; j < curSize - 1; j++) {
cur = cur.next;
}
ListNode next = cur.next;
cur.next = null;
cur = next;
}
return ret;
}10. 链表元素按奇偶聚集
328. Odd Even Linked List (Medium)
Example: Given 1->2->3->4->5->NULL, return 1->3->5->2->4->NULL.
public ListNode oddEvenList(ListNode head) {
if (head == null) {
return head;
}
ListNode odd = head, even = head.next, evenHead = even;
while (even != null && even.next != null) {
odd.next = odd.next.next;
odd = odd.next;
even.next = even.next.next;
even = even.next;
}
odd.next = evenHead;
return head;
}